Nanotechnology-driven Solutions: Transforming Agriculture for a Sustainable and Productive Future
Kavita Kansotia
Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, India.
Ram Naresh *
ICAR-ATARI Zone III, Kanpur, India.
Yagyavalkya Sharma
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kalp Laboratories, Mathura, India.
M. Sekhar
Department of Agronomy, CASAR, Bharatiya Engineering Science and Technology Innovation University, India.
Prashun Sachan
Department of Agronomy, CSAUA&T Kanpur, India.
Kirttiranjan Baral
ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad-500030, India.
Shivam Kumar Pandey
Rashtriya Raksha University, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers immense potential to revolutionize agriculture and address key challenges of food security, environmental sustainability, and nutritional enhancement. Diverse nanomaterials and nano-enabled innovations are being developed targeting nearly all aspects of the agricultural system. Nanoparticle crop protection products, nano-biosensors, nanofertilizers, and nanobioactives can enhance productivity, crop quality, and resource use efficiency. Smart nanoformulations for controlled nutrient release, nanoparticle plant growth regulators, and nanoencapsulation of agrochemicals allow precise delivery with lower doses than conventional products. Nanopesticides, nanoherbicides, and nanobactericides provide more effective crop protection with reduced environmental impact compared to traditional pesticides. Nanosensors and nanobarcodes enable real-time monitoring of soil conditions, plant health, pest/disease outbreaks, and supply chain tracking. Water-saving nanofiltration techniques support expanded reuse of drained water and wastewater in agriculture. Nanocatalysts, nanozymes, and nanobiotechnology approaches offer new solutions to agricultural pollution and waste issues. Nanotechnology-enabled agriculture can help meet escalating food demands while fostering sustainable intensification, furthering the goals of food and nutrition security. However, potential health and environmental risks of nanomaterials must be rigorously assessed. Overall, nanotechnology presents promising opportunities to enhance productivity, resource efficiency, food quality and safety – vital steps toward productive and sustainable agricultural systems.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, agriculture, food security, sustainability