Biodiversity in Forest Fragments under Different Forms of Environmental Conservation, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
Juliana Christovam
Department of Environment, Unit of Jaboticabal, National Service of Commercial Learning, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz *
Department of Agroecology and Agropecuária, Center of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, State University of Paraíba, LagoaSeca, PB, Brazil.
Patrícia da Silva Costa
Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
Constantino Antônio Cavalcante Júnior
Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
Franklin Alves dos Anjos
Department of Agriculture, Santana do Ipanema Campus, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Alagoas, Santana do Ipanema, AL, Brazil.
Marcelo de Andrade Barbosa
Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Paulista State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Fernando Oliveira Franco
Department of Soils and Fertilizers, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Paulista State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Ivomberg Dourado Magalhães
Department of Plant Production, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brazil.
Aldair de Souza Medeiros
Department of Plant Production, Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Rio Largo, AL, Brazil.
Alberto Soares de Melo
Coordination of Agricultural Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Characteristic environments of forests generally harbor significant biodiversity, which is considered an important indicator of local environmental quality, so that the analysis of this indicator can subsidize the decision making on areas for legal reserve. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biodiversity of forest fragments at different levels of anthropization in the municipality of Jaboticabal, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The related research was carried out in three forest fragments, an area under reforested conditions, a natural remnant area and an area under natural regeneration. Each fragment was divided into three sampling units of 240 m2, constituting the replicates. The total frequency of insects, amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and trees was evaluated. Cluster analysis indicated that there were differences between the three fragment types. The analyzed variables were summarized in two main components, which explain 87.1% of the accumulated total variance. It was concluded that the areas of natural remnants and reforestation presented higher frequencies of species and, consequently, greater biological diversity than the natural regeneration area.
Keywords: Environment, ecology, fauna, flora, frequency of species