Public Health Threats from Pet Bird Zoonoses
Prasanth M. Nair
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
. Anil
Department of AHVS, Koppal, Govt. of Karnataka, India.
M. S. Sivaprasad
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
V. M. Anand
Department of AHVS, Koppal, Govt. of Karnataka, India.
. Akash
Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karantaka, India.
Amit Kumar Singh *
ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amihit, Jaunpur 2, Acharya Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, India.
Sukanshi Yadav
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Rakesh Chouraddi
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Prashant Gujjalkar
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Binitha Mariam Baby
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Kerala, India.
Vaibhav Dhaigude
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
. Jigyasha
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Ajay Durge
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
. Prabhakar
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The very high exotic or genetic value made pet birds, likecanaries, parakeets, and parrots a choice for trade across countries and continents, and the capability of these birds to act aspotential carriers or transmitters of zoonotic diseases contributes a significant threat to humans. Birds are characterized and known for their susceptibility, transmission, and maintenance of pathogens that are zoonotic to humans. Some of the zoonotic diseases they spread, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), salmonellosis, and chlamydophilosishave a significant impact on human health and these things make this issue a one health concern. Zoonotic diseases among birds areclassified as bacterial, viral, fungal, and of parasitic origin. The intensity with which they affect humans varies according to their pathogenicity and virulence. The awareness of pet bird zoonosesis of prime importance while trading or domesticating the bird, which will help to understand their potential fordiseases and install preventive measures accordingly. This review paper aims to educate readers about the risks faced by bird owners and the public by describing several instances of bird-human disease transmission and the characteristicsymptoms of those diseases.
Keywords: Pet birds, zoonosis, chlamydophilosis, salmonellosis, avian influenza, new castle disease