Breeding for Resistance against Pest and Diseases in Tomatoes: A Review
SK MD Ajaharuddin
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741252, India.
Madan Lal
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, India.
Ashwani Yadav
Department of Agricultural Statistics, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224 229 (U.P.), India.
Nitin Kumar
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda-210001 (UP), India.
Atul Dhakad
Department of Horticulture, Govt. Agriculture College, Todabhim, Gangapur City-321611 (Raj.)
Gayatri Sinha
ICAR -NRRI Cuttack, Odisha, India.
Budhesh Pratap Singh
Centre for Multi- Disciplinary Development Research, India.
Archana Upadhyay *
Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208002, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Diseases and pests have a substantial effect on tomato production, greatly affecting both the quantity and quality of this crucial vegetable crop. Although fungicides and insecticides have been important in controlling plant diseases and pests, their excessive usage raises significant environmental issues. Vegetable breeders are increasingly concentrating on developing cultivars with natural tolerance to biotic stresses to promote sustainability and environmental friendliness. The change in focus is intended to cultivate tomato cultivars with inherent resistance to diseases and pests, hence decreasing the need for chemical treatments. Advancements in creating high-yielding genetically resistant tomato cultivars are a result of detailed study on the genetic basis of pest and disease resistance in tomato crops, as well as the complex interactions between the host plant and pathogens. For effective breeding programs and pre-breeding activities, scientists and breeders must have access to sources of resistance and a thorough grasp of the genetic complexities involved. This requires examining the genetic composition of both the tomato plants and the different infections that are impacting them. Breeders may generate tomato cultivars with strong resistance to common diseases and pests by using the inherent defensive mechanisms found in certain tomato types via selective crossing. Continuing to study how hosts and pathogens interact and the molecular processes involved in resistance is crucial. This information offers vital insights on how to improve and expand resistance, leading to the creation of cultivars with long-lasting and wide-ranging resistance. Currently, the emphasis on breeding is a proactive and sustainable strategy for transfer of resistances in high yielding tomato cultivars. Researchers aim to develop tomato cultivars that provide high yield and demonstrate tolerance to changing disease and pest stresses by integrating genetic knowledge with sophisticated breeding methods. This comprehensive method protects tomato crops and encourages environmental sustainability by decreasing the need on chemical inputs in agriculture.
Keywords: Tomato, biotic stresses, inheritance of resistance, biotechnological approaches, molecular marker, grafting, integrating genetic, vegetable crops