The Impact of Next-generation Sequencing on Biotechnology: A Review of Current Applications
Lukram Sushil Singh
College of Fisheries Lembucherra, Central Agricultural University Imphal (Manipur), India.
Gowhar Iqbal *
Sher-e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), India.
Arya Singh
Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya -224229, India.
Maharshi Limbola
College of Fisheries Science, Kamdhenu University, India.
Ad Viral Kumar
College of Fisheries Science, Veraval (Gujarat), India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Since sequencing was developed by Sanger and Gilbert in 1977, various sequencing methods have been introduced in biotechnology to sequence DNA. Next-generation sequencing is a novel high-tech method where the sequencing of thousands of DNA molecules can be done in parallel to generate enormous amounts of genetic data within one experiment. This novel generation of sequencing superseded conventional techniques like Sanger sequencing with parallelization to achieve rapid genome sequencing at minimum costs. In this chapter, we highlighted various applications of using NGS in different fields, such as genomic research, clinical diagnostics, metagenomics, water quality assessment, and food authenticity. Besides, NGS could identify genetic variations, diagnose diseases, and assess food quality with high accuracy, rapidity, and specificity.
Keywords: Next-generation sequencing (NGS), food authenticity, cancer treatment, antibiotic resistance