Journal of Scientific Research and Reports

Hydroponics is an innovative and sustainable agricultural technique that enables the cultivation of high-value crops without soil using nutrient-rich water solutions. This method has gained prominence due to its ability to enhance crop yield, optimize resource utilization and contribute to food security. Hydroponic systems including Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), Deep Water Culture (DWC), aeroponics and aquaponics provide controlled environments that minimize the use of water, pesticides and fertilizers while ensuring faster plant growth and superior nutritional quality. This review explores the characteristics of hydroponic farming the economic viability of high-value crops and the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT and precision agriculture. The findings indicate that hydroponics can significantly reduce dependency on arable land, mitigate environmental degradation and support urban agriculture. Despite its advantages, challenges such as high initial investment costs and energy consumption and the need for technical expertise remains the key barriers to widespread adoption. With growing global food demands and climate change concerns; hydroponics presents a viable solution for sustainable agriculture. Future advancements in automation and renewable energy integration can further enhance its feasibility. This study underscores the potential of hydroponic farming as a transformative approach to modern agriculture ensuring long-term sustainability and economic profitability in global food production.