Studies on Ocular Ultasonography and Echobiometry in Jamunapari Goats
Ashish Banger *
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Sanjay Purohit
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ankit Saran *
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Anjali Verma
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Kratika Patel
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Jaysanker Singh Yadav
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Gulshan Kumar
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Pratyanshu Srivastava
Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (COVSc & AH), U.P. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Transcorneal B-mode ultrasonography was used to characterise the normal ocular echomorphology and echobiometry of clinically healthy Jamunapari goats and to compare findings by age, sex, and laterality. The study included six males and six females in each of two age groups, comprising kids and adults. Without sedation or anaesthesia, both eyes were scanned in the axial plane using an 8–10 MHz convex transducer at a depth of 4–8 cm. Aqueous chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, axial globe length, and scleroretinal rim thickness were measured in triplicate. Intraocular pressure was recorded with a TonoVet Plus tonometer, and tear production was assessed using the Schirmer tear test. The intraocular structures were consistently visualised, allowing standard echomorphometric measurements to be established. No significant sex-related differences were observed in the measured ocular dimensions within the kid or adult groups. Most echobiometric values increased with age, indicating greater ocular dimensions in adult goats than in kids. Intraocular pressure was numerically higher in kids, whereas Schirmer tear test values were higher in adults. Differences between the left and right eyes were identified for some parameters, although the pattern was not consistent across all measurements. These findings provide preliminary baseline values for ocular assessment in Jamunapari goats and may assist the interpretation of ultrasonographic, tonometric, and tear-test findings in clinical ophthalmic examinations. Confirmation in larger and more diverse populations is required.
Keywords: Jamunapari goat, ocular ultrasonography, echobiometry, aqueous chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous chamber depth, axial globe length, scleroretinal rim thickness, intraocular pressure, Schirmer tear test