Journal of Scientific Research and Reports

This study examined the cost of cultivation, yield, returns and profitability of green gram (Vigna radiata) cultivation among beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents of Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies (PACS) in Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan during the agricultural year 2024-25. Primary data were collected from 80 beneficiary and 80 non-beneficiary green gram growers, categorised into small, medium and large farm-size groups, using a pre-tested interview schedule. Costs of cultivation and returns were estimated on a per-hectare basis following standardised CACP cost concepts (Cost A₁ to Cost C₃). The results revealed that the average cost of cultivation was higher for beneficiary respondents (₹50,477.65/ha) than for non-beneficiary respondents (₹43,031.62/ha), mainly due to greater investment in quality inputs and timely farm operations facilitated by institutional credit. Beneficiary respondents recorded a higher grain yield (12.66 q/ha) and gross income (₹94,734.31/ha) than non-beneficiary respondents (10.04 q/ha and ₹74,244.88/ha, respectively). Despite higher cultivation costs, beneficiary respondents had a lower cost of production (₹3,868.02/q) than non-beneficiary respondents (₹4,287.09/q) and a higher return per rupee invested (1.92 compared with 1.73). The overall net income was also higher among beneficiary respondents (₹46,518.85/ha) than among non-beneficiary respondents (₹31,213.26/ha). The study concludes that access to institutional credit through PACS was associated with higher productivity, lower unit production costs and greater profitability in green gram cultivation.